South America is politically divided into twelve sovereign states plus the overseas administration of French Guiana.
For more info on the region visit South America Facts.
The following list of flags of South America includes as well the official name and capital city per country...

Flag of Argentina
Official Name: Republic of Argentina
Capital: Buenos Aires

Flag of Boliva
Official Name: Plurinational State of Bolivia
Capital: La Paz (administrative), Sucre (legislative)

Flag of Brazil
Official Name: Federative Republic of Brazil
Capital: Brasilia

Flag of Chile
Official Name: Republic of Chile
Capital: Santiago de Chile

Flag of Colombia
Official Name: Republic of Colombia
Capital: Bogota

Flag of Ecuador
Official Name: Republic of Ecuador
Capital: Quito

Flag of French Guiana
Official Name: Guyane
Capital: Cayenne

Flag of Guyana
Official Name: Co-operative Republic of Guyana
Capital: Georgetown

Flag of Paraguay
Official Name: Republic of Paraguay
Capital: Asuncion

Flag of Peru
Official Name: Republic of Peru
Capital: Lima

Flag of Suriname
Official Name: Republic of Suriname
Capital: Paramaribo

Flag of Uruguay
Official Name: Oriental Republic of Uruguay
Capital: Montevideo

Flag of Venezuela
Official Name: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Capital: Caracas